St. Francis Xavier wishes he could be in ten places
From a hospital room in Goa, St. Francis Xavier told his friends in Rome about the sick, the prisoners, the lepers and more than 300 boys.
About this picture
AI-generated image, in the manner of the Portuguese painters of c. 1620, from the paper's reference portrait based on Saint Francis Xavier preaching in Goa (André Reinoso, c. 1619, Museu de São Roque, Lisbon) View source artwork.
GOA, September 20, 1542 AD — Saint Francis Xavier lived in a room inside the hospital at Goa, in India. From there he wrote to his companions in Rome. He finished the letter on September 20, 1542 AD, four months after he landed. It was the first letter he sent from India.
St. Francis Xavier was thirty-six. He was one of the first companions of St. Ignatius of Loyola in the Society of Jesus. King John III of Portugal had asked for men for India. When one of the companions chosen fell ill, St. Ignatius sent St. Francis Xavier in his place.
St. Francis Xavier had sailed from Lisbon in 1541 AD, on the ship of the new Governor of India. The trip usually took about six months, he wrote, but this one took “a year and more”. The ships stopped for six months at Mozambique. St. Francis Xavier and the two companions travelling with him lived in the hospital there. His companions nursed the sick, and St. Francis Xavier heard their confessions and gave them communion. He wrote that “as many as eighty died”.
St. Francis Xavier caught a fever there, and for three days he did not know what he was saying. The Governor was ill too, and he sailed on ahead of the other ships. He left the two companions behind with the sick and took St. Francis Xavier with him. St. Francis Xavier was to hear the Governor’s confession if the Governor got worse. The two men reached Goa on May 6, 1542 AD.
Ten places at once
In Goa St. Francis Xavier heard the confessions of the sick in the hospital and gave them communion. So many other people came to him that, as he put it, “if I could be in ten different places at once, I should never lack penitents”.
After midday he went to the jail. He first taught the prisoners how to confess the sins of their whole lives, and then he heard their confessions. After that he taught boys the prayers, the Creed and the Commandments in a chapel of Our Lady near the hospital. More than three hundred often came.
On Sundays he went outside the city to say Mass for the lepers. He heard every one of their confessions and gave them all communion. He wrote that “after the first sermon I preached to them they were all devoted to me.”
Letters instead of visits
“Now the Governor is sending me to a country where everyone says many will become Christians,” St. Francis Xavier wrote. It was the coast of the pearl fisheries, near the Cape of Comorin in the south of India. Two young men born on that coast were going with him as interpreters. They spoke good Portuguese and their own language better still.
St. Francis Xavier asked his companions for letters, he wrote, “since in this life I do not expect to see you again face to face”. He wanted them to write to him at length about every member of the Society. He also asked the companions for full advice on how to deal with the people of that coast. He expected God to show him through their letters how to convert those people.
Then St. Francis Xavier prayed that Christ would grant him one favour: “that He use this useless instrument of mine to plant His faith among the gentiles”. He called himself “dust and ashes and the vilest of men”. Even so, he wrote, he was in India. He had seen with his own eyes how badly workers were needed there. If God made use of a man like him, St. Francis Xavier wrote, “it will put to shame men who are born with capacities for great things, as well as be a spur to others of weak courage”. He offered to serve anyone who came out to India to do that work, for the rest of his life.
Then he signed the letter in Latin: “Vester inutilis frater in Cristo” (Your useless brother in Jesus Christ).
In October St. Francis Xavier sailed from Goa for the pearl fisheries of the southern coast.
About this story
Catholic Saints News tells the lives of the saints as news from their own time and place. This story was written with AI from the historical record, and we read and approved it before it ran.
The Saints' words. This newspaper will never make a saint say something the historical record does not preserve.
Junior Report. Written for readers ten to twelve, from the same sources and under the same rules as the rest of the paper. The words are shorter, hard terms are explained, and the question at the end is for the reader to think over.
Read more
- · Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, vol. 1 (Internet Archive)
- · Antonio Astrain, "St. Francis Xavier", The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)
Image. AI-generated image, in the manner of the Portuguese painters of c. 1620, from the paper's reference portrait based on Saint Francis Xavier preaching in Goa (André Reinoso, c. 1619, Museu de São Roque, Lisbon) — see the original.
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Sources for this story
Listed by paragraph.
- Paragraph 1
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶12, p. 256
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), MONUMENTA XAVERIANA, p. 258 ¶2
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), MONUMENTA XAVERIANA, p. 266 ¶15
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, closing and footnote, p. 259
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes: pasa-, p. 256 ¶48
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, SEGUNDA PARTE, p. 840 ¶4
- attested Alessandro Valignano SJ, Historia del principio y progresso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientales, Book I (the life of Xavier), as printed at the head of Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1, I, p. 19 ¶7
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST, FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 39 ¶40
- attested Antonio Astrain SJ, St. Francis Xavier — The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1909), ¶11
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts), I IO, p. 112 ¶29
- attested Dominique Bouhours SJ; trans. John Dryden; ed. Walter Scott, The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan — Bouhours trans. Dryden (Works of John Dryden, ed. Scott, vol. 16), BOOK II. ¶36
- documented Ecclesiastical inquiry at Goa under the governor's letters patent; witnesses as named; ed. Monumenta Historica S.I., Processus Goanus — the canonization inquiry at Goa, 1556–57 (Portuguese original and contemporary Latin version), Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, monuments 24–25, PROCESSUS GOANUS, p. 178 ¶104
- Paragraph 2
- attested Dominique Bouhours SJ; trans. John Dryden; ed. Walter Scott, The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan — Bouhours trans. Dryden (Works of John Dryden, ed. Scott, vol. 16), BOOK I. ¶5
- attested Antonio Astrain SJ, St. Francis Xavier — The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1909), ¶9
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts), CHAPTER I., p. 7 ¶37
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST, FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 30 ¶2
- documented Pope Urban VIII, completing the canonization proclaimed by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March 1622, Bulla canonizationis beati Francisci Xaverii (Rationi congruit), 6 August 1623 — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, monument 50, AD PERPETUAM REI MEMORIAM, p. 50 ¶9
- documented Ecclesiastical inquiry of the diocese of Pamplona; witnesses as named; ed. Monumenta Historica S.I., Processus Pampilonensis — the canonization inquiry at Pamplona (Navarre), 1614–15, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, ARTÍCULOS DEL RÓTULO, p. 652 ¶1
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), PP. IGNATIO DE LOYOLA, p. 220 ¶9
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST, FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 36 ¶29
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, VIDA DEL BIENAUENTURADO PADRE, p. 828 ¶66
- attested Alessandro Valignano SJ, Historia del principio y progresso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientales, Book I (the life of Xavier), as printed at the head of Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1, PRIMERA PARTE, p. 3 ¶21
- documented Pope Paul III; Pedro Mascarenhas; Manuel Godinho; Pedro Gonçalves; Benedetto Amaro; Gaspar Correa; and others; ed. Monumenta Historica S.I., Contemporary documents on Xavier, 1536–1556: the papal briefs of 1540 naming him nuncio, letters of Pedro Mascarenhas, Manuel Godinho and Pedro Gonçalves (vicar of Cochin) to St. Ignatius, the relations of Benedetto Amaro and Gaspar Correa — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, monuments before the processes, COMMORATIO STI. FRANCISCI XAVERII, p. 4 ¶18
- Paragraph 3
- attested Alessandro Valignano SJ, Historia del principio y progresso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientales, Book I (the life of Xavier), as printed at the head of Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1, DE CÓMO EL P. MAESTRO FRANCISCO FUÉ Á LA INDIA Y DE LO QUE, p. 14 ¶2
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, VIDA DEL BIENAUENTURADO PADRE, p. 836 ¶87
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST, FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 39 ¶38
- attested Antonio Astrain SJ, St. Francis Xavier — The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1909), ¶11
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts), CHAPTER III., p. 101 ¶290
- attested Dominique Bouhours SJ; trans. John Dryden; ed. Walter Scott, The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan — Bouhours trans. Dryden (Works of John Dryden, ed. Scott, vol. 16), BOOK I. ¶136
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶2, p. 251
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, VIDA DEL BIENAUENTURADO PADRE, p. 838 ¶90
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, VIDA DEL BIENAUENTURADO PADRE, p. 838 ¶92
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST, FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 39 ¶40
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶3, p. 251
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12 ¶3
- Paragraph 4
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, VIDA DEL BIENAUENTURADO PADRE, p. 838 ¶90
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, VIDA DEL BIENAUENTURADO PADRE, p. 838 ¶92
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST, FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 39 ¶40
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶4, p. 252
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes: pasa-, p. 256 ¶48
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, SEGUNDA PARTE, p. 840 ¶4
- attested Alessandro Valignano SJ, Historia del principio y progresso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientales, Book I (the life of Xavier), as printed at the head of Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1, I, p. 19 ¶7
- attested Antonio Astrain SJ, St. Francis Xavier — The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1909), ¶11
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts), I IO, p. 112 ¶29
- attested Dominique Bouhours SJ; trans. John Dryden; ed. Walter Scott, The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan — Bouhours trans. Dryden (Works of John Dryden, ed. Scott, vol. 16), BOOK II. ¶36
- documented Ecclesiastical inquiry at Goa under the governor's letters patent; witnesses as named; ed. Monumenta Historica S.I., Processus Goanus — the canonization inquiry at Goa, 1556–57 (Portuguese original and contemporary Latin version), Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, monuments 24–25, PROCESSUS GOANUS, p. 178 ¶104
- Paragraph 5
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶12, p. 256
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- Paragraph 6
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶12, p. 257
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶12, p. 257
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- Paragraph 7
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶13, p. 257
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶13, pp. 257-258
- Paragraph 8
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶14, p. 258
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), P. IGNATIO DE LOYOLA, ROMAM, p. 15 ¶23
- attested Dominique Bouhours SJ; trans. John Dryden; ed. Walter Scott, The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan — Bouhours trans. Dryden (Works of John Dryden, ed. Scott, vol. 16), BOOK II. ¶70
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST. FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 46 ¶11
- attested Antonio Astrain SJ, St. Francis Xavier — The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1909), ¶11
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, SEGUNDA PARTE, p. 850 ¶37
- attested Alessandro Valignano SJ, Historia del principio y progresso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientales, Book I (the life of Xavier), as printed at the head of Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1, CÓMO EL P. MAESTRO FRANCISCO FUÉ Á LA PESQUERÍA Á VISITAR, p. 46 ¶10
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12 ¶14
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶14, editors' note, p. 258
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes, ¶14, p. 258
- Paragraph 9
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶15, p. 259 (editors' note cites 1 Cor. 13:12)
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- Paragraph 10
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), 6. De Maganbique á Goa pusimos más de dos messes: pasa-, p. 258 ¶79
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶15, p. 259
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶15, pp. 259-260
- Paragraph 11
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, closing, p. 260 (OCR reads 'iniitilis'; text corrected to 'inutilis', to verify against the page image)
- attested Henry James Coleridge SJ, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, volume 1 (one work in two parts)
- Paragraph 12
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), P. IGNATIO DE LOYOLA, ROMAM, p. 15 ¶23
- attested Dominique Bouhours SJ; trans. John Dryden; ed. Walter Scott, The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan — Bouhours trans. Dryden (Works of John Dryden, ed. Scott, vol. 16), BOOK II. ¶70
- attested Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, vol. 12 (December) — St. Francis Xavier, 3 December, ST. FRANCIS XAVIER, C., p. 46 ¶11
- attested Antonio Astrain SJ, St. Francis Xavier — The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1909), ¶11
- attested Manuel Teixeira SJ, Vida del bienauenturado Padre Francisco Xauier religioso de la Compañía de Jesvs — Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 2, SEGUNDA PARTE, p. 850 ¶37
- attested Alessandro Valignano SJ, Historia del principio y progresso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientales, Book I (the life of Xavier), as printed at the head of Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1, CÓMO EL P. MAESTRO FRANCISCO FUÉ Á LA PESQUERÍA Á VISITAR, p. 46 ¶10
- documented Francis Xavier; ed. Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (Madrid: A. Avrial), Sancti Francisci Xaverii epistolae aliaque scripta — the letters of St. Francis Xavier in the original, Monumenta Xaveriana vol. 1 (letters section only), Epist. 12, ¶14, editors' note, p. 258
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